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TKS spacecraft – Design

The TKS spacecraft consisted of an 11F74 “Vozvraschaemyi Apparat” (or ”Return Vehicle” commonly referred to as the ”VA”), attached to an 11F77 “Transportniy Korabl Snabzheniya” (”Functional/Cargo Block” module or ”FGB”). TKS VA The TKS VA was itself a very compact and efficient spacecraft. Typically it would reenter the atmosphere within 2 orbits, but could fly [...]

Spaceflight – Introduction

Spaceflight or space flight is the use of space technology to achieve the flight of spacecraft into and through outer space. Spaceflight is used in space exploration, and also in commercial activities like space tourism and satellite telecommunications. Additional non-commercial uses of spaceflight include space observatories, reconnaissance satellites and other earth observation satellites. A spaceflight [...]

1972 in science – Astronomy and space exploration

* January 5 – President of the United States Richard Nixon orders the development of a space shuttle program. * February 4 – Mariner 9 sends pictures from Mars * February 21 – The Soviet unmanned spacecraft Luna 20 lands on the Moon. * March 2 – Launch of Pioneer 10 spacecraft. * April 16 [...]

Progress (spacecraft) – Introduction

Spacecraft

Progress is a Russian expendable freighter spacecraft. The spacecraft is an unmanned resupply spacecraft during its flight but upon docking with a space station it allows astronauts inside, hence it is classified ”manned” by the manufacturer. It was derived from the Soyuz spacecraft, and is launched with the Soyuz rocket. It is currently used to [...]

Voskhod spacecraft – Introduction

Spacecraft

Voskhod (, ””ascent””, ””dawn””) was a spacecraft built by the Soviet Union’s space program for human spaceflight (see Voskhod programme). It was a development of and a follow-on to the Vostok spacecraft. The craft consisted of a spherical descent module (diameter 2.3 meters), which housed the cosmonauts, and instruments, and a conical instrument module (mass [...]

1966 in science – Astronomy and space exploration

Space Astronomy

* February 3 – The unmanned Soviet Luna 9 spacecraft makes the first controlled rocket-assisted landing on the Moon. * March 1 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet’s surface. * March 31 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the [...]

Orbital mechanics – Introduction

Astrodynamics

Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from Newton’s laws of motion and Newton’s law of universal gravitation. It is a core discipline within space mission design and control. Celestial [...]

Vision for Space Exploration – Outline

Space Exploration

The Vision for Space Exploration seeks to implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the solar system and beyond; extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations; develop the innovative [...]

Fractionated spacecraft – Introduction

fractionated spacecraft is a satellite architecture where the functional capabilities of a conventional monolithic spacecraft are distributed across multiple modules which interact through wireless links. Unlike other aggregations of spacecraft, such as constellations and formations, the modules of a fractionated spacecraft are largely heterogeneous and perform distinct functions corresponding, for instance, to the various subsystem [...]

Space exploration – Related topics

Space Exploration

Spaceflight ”Spaceflight” is the use of space technology to achieve the flight of spacecraft into and through outer space. Spaceflight is used in space exploration, and also in commercial activities like space tourism and satellite telecommunications. Additional non-commercial uses of spaceflight include space observatories, reconnaissance satellites and other earth observation satellites. A spaceflight typically begins [...]

Gravity assist – Introduction

Proposed Spacecraft

gravitational slingshot, gravity assist maneuver or swing-by is the use of the relative movement and gravity of a planet or other celestial body to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft, typically in order to save propellant, time, and expense. Gravity assistance can be used to accelerate, decelerate and/or re-direct the path of a [...]

Orbital spaceflight – Introduction

Spaceflight

orbital spaceflight (or orbital flight) is a spaceflight in which a spacecraft is placed on a trajectory where it could remain in space for at least one orbit. To do this around the Earth, it must be on a free trajectory which has an altitude at perigee (altitude at closest approach) above (this is, by [...]









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