Astronauts receive higher daily dose of radiation, especially on a long mission such as the future Mars flight. As a result, cataracts may occur more frequently in these professionals. Currently, NASA and the National Eye Institute have been cooperating in developing a non-invasive instrument that can be used to detect very early signs of cataracts and monitor any progression.
The Alpha crystalline proteins in the lens are thought to help the lens maintain its refractive index, which allows the lens to focus light on the retina and offer clear vision. Oxidative stress may cause some proteins to break down in the lens, resulting in damaged proteins. Once these damaged proteins and other damaged cellular substances are crossly linked, they can lead to large clumps and form opacity in the lens. This opacity can gradually interfere the eyesight when they grow large enough and become cataracts.
This new instrument is supposed to evaluate the function of Alpha crystalline proteins and measure their levels as well as changes. Originally developed for space program, this measurement method can now be used to detect early signs of protein damage caused by oxidative stress. Age-related cataract, diabetes, and some neurological diseases are closed associated with oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress can be caused by UV radiation, drugs, chemicals, smoking, dietary components as well as other environmental factors. Alpha crystalline proteins in normal level can prevent these damage proteins from aggregating into clumps. However, Alpha crystalline level will be lowered due to natural aging. As a result, cataracts may develop.
As mentioned before, oxidative stress is the original cause in the lens of cataract formation. Currently, antioxidants are widely accepted to prevent cataracts, although their capacity is also unclear. In detail, lutein and zeaxanthin are two of the antioxidants that can reduce the incidence of cataract formation. A daily supplement containing antioxidants is helpful in preventing cataracts formation. These antioxidants can be gained from vegetables and fruits.
People should also control some risk factors such as smoking, obesity and eating a diet high in refined food with high sugar content. Smoking is believed to systemically decrease antioxidants in the body. Some experts also think that visible blue light can cause oxidative damage in the retina. UV protection by wearing sunglasses or UV-blocking contact lenses is also quite necessary.
More related articles:
·Causes for various congenital cataracts
·Cataract surgery preparation and outcome
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