It is useful to some extent to meet
with the habits of different peoples, to more sober
judge our own and do not take ridiculous and unreasonable
all that does not coincide with our customs
how often do people who have seen nothing.
Rene Descartes
An integral part of education is travel. It is classic and historical understanding, reflected even in the myths and folk tales of the world, wandering students of the Middle Ages, in imperiors Peter's decision to send Russian youths to study abroad, finally, in the glorious traditions of Oxford, after which the graduate commit one year journey, during which visited places of cultural pilgrimage enlightened Europeans. Even in ancient times people understood the benefits that travel brings, because not being able to compare ourselves to others, you can not look at myself from outside, without which there can hardly be the full development and, moreover, self-knowledge.
Previously, people felt the need for cultural exchange, cultural borrowing, today, when the world embraced the globalization process, it has become even more important. The point here is not even about business or science, but about human cognition and self-knowledge - that, for which we strive for education, not education, namely, education, education.
Once travel long distances could take months or even years, and in addition, been associated with many dangers, but this did not stop people. Even in the XIX century and beginning of XX journey from England to America was long by today's standards, time. Now is a journey already and can not be called a journey - so quickly people moved from one hemisphere to the other and now we're not talking "journey", but "flight". New modes, new technologies, the complexity and uniqueness of which we perhaps have yet to comprehend - all this gives each of us such great opportunities that they can not be overemphasized. But these technical possibilities. They are only possible, but not their implementation. In turn, the people, intoxicated with success, it became easier to see things as they are available, but meanwhile, this view of things is an illusion. It just wrote about this great thinker of the XX century, Martin Heidegger: "Man overcomes the long-distance in the shortest time [,] puts all thus at a minimum distance of away from you. But the hasty removal of all distances does not bring with him any intimacy; since the proximity is not to reduce the distance. Small dis - not close. The large distance - not the distance. ... Despite the nearness to overcome the distances that is, we are not given.In other words, the distance was reduced, but that people do not become closer to the essence of things, but something even moved away from her. At the same time, today we are less surprised at the world around us, because everything was available to us, but it is surprising, as did the ancient Greeks, is a source of knowledge, a source of wisdom. That is why the emergence of new technical capabilities should not only not cool our ardor for knowledge, but is his motivation. Especially in the knowledge society. Yes, now we can better know yourself, but it will require us to work harder and put us on even more responsibility in the face of our children.
Confirmation that the location affects the culture, as the assertion that culture is transforming the place where it is unlikely to cause anyone any objections. Sometimes it is very difficult to understand that a nation with its foreign to us art, often incomprehensible or shocking customs, beliefs, etc., but enough to see the place where they lived and worked, and you visited insight.This is the key to the knowledge of other cultures and their own culture. Therefore, in light of the foregoing, it can be concluded that the travel for the sake of acquiring experience and knowledge should become more relevant now than ever before, and not only in Greece or Egypt, but in the unexplored corners of the country.
Last raised the question as whether we, the people of Russia, do we know our country? Of course, all studied in school history, geography, literature, but how many have been in significant, with the cultural, natural or historical point of view, parts of Russia? Unfortunately, many among us who never was in Russia, except Moscow and St. Petersburg. And this is a big gap in our education. Why is this so? The problem largely rests on the fact that on many unique places of Russia the vast majority of its residents almost nothing is known, not to mention foreigners.Means we must get people to such places, but this requires to have heard about such places.
It is this goal and is dedicated to the social (nonprofit) project "uncharted routes, carried out by a group of young people consisting of students from different universities. Participants of the project "uncharted routes" are confident that the promotion of such routes as the tourist potential can break the deadlock. In turn, we note that such activity contributes to fill a gap in our cultural education, to open what had been hidden from us.
On the prospects of tourism development in Russia and about the importance of travel as such, "International Cooperation" agreed to be interviewed President of the scientific association "Kurchatov Institute" and the secretary of the Public Chamber of RAS Academician Yevgeny Velikhov.
- Eugene P., I know you travel a lot around the world, but I would like to ask a question related to your travels in Russia: some of the sights he had seen you remember you the most?
- Russia - the country is really unique: in Russia there are the unique places like the volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula as the diamond mines in Yakutia, as Baikal and Baikal rivers. I, incidentally, traveled to Lake Baikal, worked there a free swimming, however, as the Solovetsky Islands. Was I on the Kuril Islands, near the Pacific Ocean. In general, marine life is beautiful everywhere. Baykal, of course, more severe. There amazing nature. And the White Sea to the Solovetsky Islands, of course, very interesting from the standpoint of history. The entire north generally subjected ancient colonization in the face of Novgorod, and then begins a tragic period of history Solovetsky Islands, where a thousand years Solovetsky monastery was a place of imprisonment of dissidents. Of course, the apotheosis of this was the camp. If we talk about tourism, Russia's North general interest. In Russia many interesting places, but of those closer to us, I would draw your attention to Pereslavl-Zaleski. First, Pereslavl-Zaleski has a history of more ancient than Moscow. The first city where almost the 6 th century built . In addition, there is, as well as in the north of Britain, where there are stones with an enigmatic history, the so-called blue stone, is considered unique. About him are legendary. This is a wandering stone, such as those that are in the Valley of death in America. These stones have tried to destroy, but until now they have some mystical power and influence people. In addition, in Pereslavl on you can see many monasteries. Danilov Monastery, Nikolsky Monastery, Fedorovskii ... From the monasteries linked the entire history of Russia. For the first time there, it seems, they began to build, Ivan III ... Near Pereslavl a village in 1855 received a royal charter to govern. In addition, there are absolutely wonderful natural places ... In principle, Pereslavl on what already exists for tourism. There, incidentally, come schoolchildren. There, a computer center and very good. It is one of the first private university in Russia, very successful. From my point of view, this is a very interesting city for business. Therefore, such a city would be wonderful for tourism development and would be an example for other cities. And the people there, moreover, quite enterprising.
- It is said that at the big picture to look from afar. What looks like Russia from other countries and what should be done, on the one hand, to attract more tourists to Russia, on the other hand, investors who have developed the tourist business?
- I think that, firstly, must be expensive, hotels. Right now restored Yaroslavl road. Be in Yaroslavl direct road from Moscow. There is a road from Yaroslavl to Moscow, but it is still narrow. Just to have again, good routes and hotels. And, most importantly, must be content, then what can be seen. I think that the content should be largely restored in the Northern part of Russia - and a gold ring, and he Yaroslavl. From the perspective of nature, different kinds of entertainment, history, I think that, at relatively reasonable investments, this region can become a very attractive place.
- Yevgeny Pavlovitch, I know that you love Maximilian Voloshin. And, of course, you have been to Koktebel. Did you this to better understand his work, and if so, how?
- We must start with the fact that his entire second part of life associated with Koktebel, which with its mountains, its sea gave spiritual strength Voloshin. In addition, you know, that Maximilian Voloshin was not only a writer, poet, and artist. So, of course, Koktebel perfect place to better understand Voloshin. It is the center of his creativity.
- The aim of our project - to promote lesser-known places in Russia, to make them attractive to tourists and investors. What are the names of other famous Russians, from your point of view, could attract travelers and businessmen here?
- There are just famous places. And Pushkin, and Turgenev. Museums of Tchaikovsky and feta.In general, the estate is very interesting, though, of course, many of them lost because of the revolution ... Among the names could be called, for example, Nikolai Gumilev, with its St. Petersburg. If we talk about St. Petersburg, come immediately to mind Andrei Bely, Blok, all the Silver Age in general. Travel there may be a target. For example, someone arrives in St. Petersburg Pushkin - is one of St. Petersburg, someone - in St. Petersburg of Dostoevsky - is a different Russia. Therefore, combining art and history, it is possible to interest tourists.
- What, in your view, is the value of travel?
- There is an innate, genetic human trait - curiosity. Travel strongly enrich our experience. In order to understand, for example, Russia's culture, it is necessary to go to very many places in Russia, each of which is associated with a certain historical period, some name. The first - with Pushkin, the second - with Radishchev, the third - with Dostoevsky, the fourth - with Tolstoy, the fifth - Bulgakov, the sixth - Voloshin ... In this regard, one can not recall the history of the Gulag, associated with many outstanding people - Solzhenitsyn, Likhachev ... I must say that today all the former camp sites rather open. The same Salekhard. I was there 50 years ago. They say there is a beautiful city. But it was the center of another camp system, which was associated with the development of the North. Generally there nice places ... There could be organized travel on horseback, from Salekhard to pass: there mountain streams and the easiest to ride.And then could move to the rafts and go down to the Oka. At the same time, will be located near the modern city.
- And the last question, Evgeny Pavlovich. What influenced you and your beliefs travel in general, not only in Russia?
- You see, first, travel - this is the relationship with so many people and cultures, but without seeing Japan or China, I would be worse understood his country. In each place has its own culture. Take the same America. One thing when you go to New York, and another thing when you get to South America, in Tennessee, or when you turn out in California or Hawaii. Also, when you travel, you begin to open historic tailings, which were previously hidden. There are altogether mysterious places. For example, in China, where they found the famous golden mask, appeared there for 1000 years before the culture of this country. People who were there, more like the Egyptians and the Incas, than the Chinese ... In a word, to know themselves, people must understand other people: and humanity and the fate of civilization, and to do it, of course, we must communicate directly with people.
- Thank you very much, Eugene P., for the fact that you have found the time to answer the questions.
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