Life Science Current Events

Life Science Current Events

Emotional Problems in Later Life: Common issues in late life are retirement, divorce, widowhood, misuse of prescription drugs, suicide, and neglect

Getting old is no fun, the 83 year old told her daughter. Having lost her husband suddenly, the result of an aneurysm nine years earlier and currently recovering from a complicated spinal surgery, she expressed the sentiment of many elderly adults.

By: alston
Getting old is no fun, the 83 year old told her daughter. Having lost her husband suddenly, the result of an aneurysm nine years earlier and currently recovering from a complicated spinal surgery, she expressed the sentiment of many elderly adults. We have all watched as our parents, grandparents, neighbors, or friends navigate their way through the minefields of aging, hoping to avoid the disruptive effects of physical, mental, and social deterioration. Aging has emerged as an area of concern worldwide. Life expectancy has increased, largely due to advances in medical science, improved health care, and improved nutrition. As a result, the elderly population has rapidly increased, bringing a growing consciousness of this distinct group to society.

The 60+ population increased 50.4% from 1960 to 1980 with projections of 57% from 1980 to 2000, and about 65% from 2000 to 2020.

This 60-year span from 1960 to 2020 has a projected increase of 410% while there will be only a 157% increase for the total population.1 The elderly are traditionally characterized in either a positive or a negative light. Some view the elderly as a source of wisdom, and they are respected, exerting influence in their families and in community life. Others see the elderly as dominated by major and irreversible losses, both physical and mental. Each view has demonstrable legitimacy. How individuals perceive old age is greatly influenced by how society as a whole views old age. The contrasting view of Asian cultures as opposed to our societies is evidence of these two views.

The idea that aging can be stressful is a prevalent notion. The aging process can be fraught with an endless list of physical problems that result from both normal and abnormal physiological changes. Physical deterioration is inevitable. Mental deterioration and memory impairment, while frequent in later life, may not be inevitable. Physical and mental problems can be devastating for aging adults and their families. In addition, older adults are faced with changes that constitute significant losses. Numerous adjustments are required of aging adults as they encounter: retirement with its altered daily schedule and economic decline; marital disruptions related to divorce and widowhood; changes in living arrangements; experiences of trauma related to abuse and neglect; confrontations about the misuse of alcohol and prescription drugs; and an inability to deal with the inner turmoil that can lead to suicide. This is not a complete list of problems faced by elders, but it is an indication that there are obstacles in the path of aging adults that impact their remaining years. Christian mental health professionals have the opportunity and obligation to minister to this segment of society and bring a measure of comfort, healing, and blessing.

Retirement

Retirement, in most cases is a onetime event. Retirees reactions to retirement may vary from delight to dread but typically involve moving through stages, according to Atchey.2 These stages are not fixed and are not necessarily experienced in sequence or in total.

1. Pre-retirement stageanticipation of impending separation from

employment.

2. Honeymoon stagea joyful phase of fulfilling old wishes and exploring

new things.

3. Immediate retirement routine stagea phase for those who made advance plans and now can organize their lives into activity patterns.

4. Rest and relaxation stagea time of respite often followed by boredom

and, for some, an attempt to reinstate some of the previous

lifestyle.

5. Disenchantment stagein some cases, this stage can deteriorate into depression.

6. Reorientation stagea search for more realistic and appropriate life

choices.

7. Routine stageselecting and committing to a new set of more satisfying patterns of activities.

8. Termination stageretiree either reenters the work force, becomes involved in new interests, or experiences poor health and chronic impairments that preclude other choices. Retirement can be viewed as an achievement, an accomplishment. The retiree has completed a major phase of life and now can enjoy the fruits of the labor. For those who have developed interests and hobbies, this is a welcomed time of life. But for others, who have lived to work, this may be a time of difficult adjustment. For some, retirement represents more than just a cessation of work. It may represent relinquishing of power, control, and/or authority. The sense of accomplishment is lost as is the security of a daily routine.    Take help from internet counseing.

For those whose life was their work, there can be a loss of identity. Even in the best of circumstances, retirement requires some adjustment and problems may emerge. Marital problems develop when couples have difficulty adjusting to changes in their roles or to different lifestyles. Most couples have evolved into specific roles and division of labor. Retirement may disrupt this structure. Isolation can result for those whose social life revolved around time spent with co-workers and who never developed a circle of friends outside the workplace. If retirement is accompanied by the decision to sell the marital home and relocate, the adjustment can be more difficult. Moving to another state, away from support systems in the neighborhood, the church, and the community, can result in times of loneliness and isolation. Older adults tend to find comfort and security in familiar surroundings.

Financial concerns are a major issue when facing retirement. Most people have not been able to arrange their retirement income to maintain the same standard of living experienced during the employed years. Incomes are usually fixed and are only a portion of the previous income. Social Security alone is well below poverty level. Adjusting to a reduced income can result in stress and worry about the financial stability of the future. Plans for a wonderful retirement may not be realized. Adjustment to retirement is not automatic. Retirement means change, whether welcomed or dreaded. Counselors can help the process along by being aware of the impact of this major life transition and can facilitate the adjustment by offering realistic suggestions for problem solving. For example, retirees have much to offer, and serving as a volunteer can enhance ones self-image and fulfill the need to be needed.

Late Life Divorce and Widowhood

Marriages are dissolved in two ways: by death or divorce. Either way, the loss is painful. Divorce is a time of crisis and one of lifes most stressful events. It is often compared to the death of ones spouse, especially with regard to the emotional impact and the need to reorganize ones life. Divorce in late life is especially difficult and profoundly affects the quality of life for the elderly. It tears apart a relationship that has existed for many years and forces both parties into new lifestyles that bring changes in every facet of everyday life.

 

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eCounseling.com is the only online counseling help website that allows clients and counselors to connect online - with no software to download or cumbersome technology! It seeks to be an excellent information resource for consumers, and to connect prospective counseling clients to counseling professionals 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year. Its director is himself trained professional Dr. Anthony Centore.